Biological evolution is the scientific theory that explains how species of living organisms change over time through a process of natural selection. It is driven by genetic variation within populations, environmental pressures, and random genetic mutations that provide advantageous traits to individuals for survival and reproduction. The concept of biological evolution was first proposed by Charles Darwin in the 19th century and has since been supported by numerous scientific discoveries and evidence from fields such as genetics, paleontology, and comparative morphology. The study of biological evolution has revolutionized our understanding of the origins of life and the diversity of species on Earth.